所謂工業(yè)廢氣是指工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，所產(chǎn)生的有害氣體。從形態(tài)上可以將工業(yè)廢氣分為顆粒性廢氣以及氣態(tài)性廢氣，但是隨著工業(yè)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，在工業(yè)廢氣中還發(fā)現(xiàn)了放射源性廢氣。這些工業(yè)廢氣若不經(jīng)過處理大量排放到大氣中將會(huì)嚴(yán)重威脅環(huán)境及人體健康。從來源方面進(jìn)行分類可以將工業(yè)廢氣分為燃料燃燒廢氣以及燃料生產(chǎn)廢氣。而我國(guó)工業(yè)廢氣來源主要是燃料燃燒所產(chǎn)生的，例如木炭生產(chǎn)中，廠家需要對(duì)木材進(jìn)行燃燒、熏蒸，因此會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量的氣態(tài)性、顆粒性廢氣，這些廢氣會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響生產(chǎn)廠家周圍的環(huán)境。而隨著工業(yè)的發(fā)展，我國(guó)工業(yè)廢氣的排放量也隨之增加，而環(huán)境對(duì)于廢氣的承載量有限。廢氣所帶來的二次污染問題也成為了工業(yè)發(fā)展所要面臨的又一嚴(yán)峻考驗(yàn)。

　　The so-called industrial waste gas refers to the harmful gases generated in industrial production. From a morphological perspective, industrial waste gas can be divided into particulate waste gas and gaseous waste gas. However, with the development of industrial production technology, radioactive waste gas has also been found in industrial waste gas. If these industrial waste gases are not treated and discharged into the atmosphere in large quantities, they will seriously threaten the environment and human health. Industrial waste gas can be classified into fuel combustion waste gas and fuel production waste gas based on their sources. The main source of industrial waste gas in our country is generated by fuel combustion. For example, in charcoal production, manufacturers need to burn and fumigate wood, which produces a large amount of gaseous and particulate waste gas. These waste gases will seriously affect the environment around the manufacturer. With the development of industry, the emission of industrial waste gas in China has also increased, and the carrying capacity of the environment for waste gas is limited. The secondary pollution caused by exhaust gas has also become another severe test that industrial development must face.

　　石油化工行業(yè)是工業(yè)廢氣生產(chǎn)排放量最大的行業(yè)，也是廢氣污染治理最為困難的。由于石油化工生產(chǎn)中所排放的廢氣不但成分復(fù)雜、種類繁多且排放量大、污染性強(qiáng)，難以治理。從形態(tài)上分析，工業(yè)廢氣可以分為顆粒性廢氣和氣態(tài)性廢氣。

　　The petrochemical industry is the industry with the largest amount of industrial waste gas production emissions, and it is also the most difficult to control waste gas pollution. Due to the complex composition and diverse types of exhaust gases emitted in petrochemical production, as well as their large emissions and strong pollution, it is difficult to control. From a morphological analysis, industrial waste gas can be divided into particulate waste gas and gaseous waste gas.

　　顆粒性廢氣：此類污染物主要是生產(chǎn)過程中產(chǎn)生的污染性煙塵，其來源主要有水泥廠、重型工業(yè)材料生產(chǎn)廠、重金屬制造廠以及化工廠等。在生產(chǎn)中，此類企業(yè)所需原料需要經(jīng)過提純，由于雜質(zhì)較多，提純后的可燃物不能完全燃燒、分解，因此以煙塵形態(tài)存在，形成廢氣，排放至大氣中引發(fā)空氣污染。

　　Particulate exhaust gas: This type of pollutant is mainly the polluting smoke and dust generated during the production process, and its sources mainly include cement plants, heavy industrial material production plants, heavy metal manufacturing plants, and chemical plants. In production, the raw materials required by such enterprises need to be purified. Due to the high impurities, the purified combustibles cannot be completely burned or decomposed, and therefore exist in the form of smoke and dust, forming exhaust gas that is discharged into the atmosphere and causing air pollution.

　　氣態(tài)性廢氣：工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中，必然會(huì)產(chǎn)生廢氣，這些廢氣若不經(jīng)過處理便排放到空氣中勢(shì)必會(huì)對(duì)環(huán)境造成影響。其中氣態(tài)性廢氣是工業(yè)廢氣中種類最多也是危害性最大的。目前氣體性廢氣主要有含氮有機(jī)廢氣、含硫廢氣以及碳?xì)溆袡C(jī)廢氣。

　　Gaseous waste gas: In industrial production, waste gas is inevitably generated. If these waste gases are discharged into the air without treatment, they will inevitably have an impact on the environment. Gaseous waste gas is the most diverse and hazardous industrial waste gas. At present, gaseous waste gas mainly includes nitrogen-containing organic waste gas, sulfur-containing waste gas, and hydrocarbon organic waste gas.

　　01含氮廢氣。此類廢氣會(huì)對(duì)空氣組分造成破壞，改變氣體構(gòu)成比例。尤其是石油產(chǎn)品的燃燒，在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中石油產(chǎn)品的燃燒量巨大，而石油產(chǎn)品中氮化物含量大，因此廢氣中會(huì)含有大量氮氧化物，若排放到空氣中會(huì)增加空氣氮氧化物含量，對(duì)大氣循環(huán)造成影響。

　　01 Nitrogen containing waste gas. This type of exhaust gas can cause damage to the air components and change the gas composition ratio. Especially in the combustion of petroleum products, the amount of combustion in industrial production is huge, and the nitrogen content in petroleum products is high. Therefore, the exhaust gas will contain a large amount of nitrogen oxides. If discharged into the air, it will increase the nitrogen oxide content in the air and have an impact on atmospheric circulation.

　　02含硫廢氣。含硫廢氣會(huì)對(duì)人們的生活環(huán)境造成直接危害，這是由于其同空氣中的水結(jié)合能夠形成酸性物質(zhì)，引發(fā)酸雨。而酸雨會(huì)對(duì)植物、建筑以及人體健康造成損害，尤其會(huì)影響人的呼吸道。另外還會(huì)對(duì)土壤和水源造成影響，造成二次污染。

　　02 Sulfur containing waste gas. Sulfur containing waste gas can cause direct harm to people's living environment, as it can combine with water in the air to form acidic substances, leading to acid rain. Acid rain can cause damage to plants, buildings, and human health, especially affecting the respiratory tract. In addition, it will also have an impact on soil and water sources, causing secondary pollution.

　　03碳?xì)溆袡C(jī)廢氣。該類廢氣統(tǒng)稱烴類，是一種有機(jī)化合物，主要由碳原子和氫原子構(gòu)成。此類廢氣擴(kuò)散到大氣中會(huì)對(duì)臭氧層造成破壞引發(fā)一系列問題，影響深遠(yuǎn)。例如臭氧層破壞會(huì)加重紫外線的照射，而紫外線會(huì)對(duì)人的皮膚造成傷害，引發(fā)各類健康問題。另外紫外線照射度的改變也會(huì)對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)以及氣候造成影響。

　　03 Carbon hydrogen organic waste gas. This type of exhaust gas is collectively referred to as hydrocarbons, which are organic compounds mainly composed of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms. The diffusion of such exhaust gases into the atmosphere can cause damage to the ozone layer, leading to a series of problems with far-reaching impacts. For example, the depletion of the ozone layer can increase exposure to ultraviolet radiation, which can cause harm to human skin and trigger various health problems. In addition, changes in UV exposure can also have an impact on ecosystems and climate.

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